Your PDF reader is tracking more than you realize


Opening a PDF, reading its contents, and closing the window is one of the most basic tasks you can perform on a computer. It seems as passive as reading a physical piece of paper. In reality, two things are happening behind the scenes that you don’t see: your reader is communicating with the software developer, and the document itself may be sending information to whoever drafted it.

That isn’t some security flaw or malicious design either; it is the default behavior for most of the popular readers on every major operating system. Fortunately, about 15 minutes can mitigate or eliminate the problem entirely.

Two different things could leak your data

More than one approach is necessary

The reason many people never fix their PDF privacy is that they miss two separate ways PDFs can give away information. You’ll need to address both if you want to tighten up your privacy precautions.

Your reader could be giving away information

The first potential problem is the application itself. They usually transmit telemetry, require account sign-ins, and have cloud synchronization. There may also be AI features that upload your document text to a remote server for processing. Sometimes, if you’re using an online PDF reader, your entire file is uploaded to the internet.

I’d always recommend avoiding random online PDF readers, especially if you’re working with anything that involves sensitive or identifying information.

As a concrete example, the desktop version of Acrobat collects usage measurement data. Then there is the AI Assistant, which extracts your document’s content and sends it to Adobe’s generative AI service. While Adobe explicitly says they don’t train their models on your files, that doesn’t change the fact that what may be a private file left your device.

Other “free” readers’ monetization models often rely on even more telemetry.

PDFs themselves could give away information

PDF files also aren’t completely inactive files like a TXT file is. Even just opening it can involve network activity. For example, if a PDF references an image from an external server, your reader will fetch it. When that happens, it hands the sender your IP address, your timestamp, and your user agent. Similarly, unique links and redirect chains allow senders to know exactly which recipient clicked a link.

The format also supports JavaScript and “open actions,” meaning code can run the moment you open the file.

None of this is inherently malicious or dangerous (though it could be exploited).

How do you stop data leaking?

Don’t worry about it in most cases

The merge tool in BentoPDF.

For most people, PDFs aren’t a significant security threat. If you’re reading an appliance manual or a menu from a restaurant, the information they glean isn’t likely to matter too much. However, if you’re reviewing sensitive information or otherwise need to maintain strict control, it can matter. Your IP address alone can confirm a location or an identity that you would rather keep private.

If you do want to fix it, you can, but there are often some pretty serious drawbacks. If you block external content, some interactive forms will break. If you disable JavaScript, calculated fields in some documents (like tax forms) may not work correctly. Additionally, ditching Adobe means giving up the professional tool, though there are some ways to reclaim that functionality that are privacy-friendly.

Improve the security of the reader you already have

If you must stay with Acrobat, turn off JavaScript and block PDF access to all websites (you can allowlist on an as-needed basis). Keep “Enhanced Security” enabled, sign out of the Document Cloud, and disable generative AI features. Finally, log into your Adobe account online to turn off content analysis and desktop app usage sharing.

Get a new reader completely

BentoPDF open on a Microsoft Surface laptop running Kubuntu. Credit: Nick Lewis / How-To Geek

If you want to just ditch Adobe (or online readers) completely, you have a few options. You could switch to SumatraPDF on Windows, or Okular on Linux, but those lack the advanced features you may require.

For something that retains more useful features, you can easily fire up a BentoPDF self-hosted server instead. It runs locally on your device or on your server, so you don’t need to worry about the privacy implications, and it has a ton of great features that will meet 95% of your PDF needs out of the box.


The tradeoff for privacy is a bit of convenience

The problem with PDFs or Acrobat isn’t that they’re inherently designed to spy on you—they aren’t. Some of the data that is collected about you is just an incidental part of how the program (or features in PDFs) must necessarily work.

Staying away from random PDF viewers and editors on the internet, changing some toggles in Acrobat where you can, or switching to a self-hosted alternative (if that is viable for you) are the best ways to mitigate the amount of data your PDF reader gives away.



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Recent Reviews


My phone is full of life-tracking apps, but it became increasingly apparent that they don’t talk to each other. So, I decided to try logging my sleep, spending, routines, food, and work in Excel for a week to see whether consolidating everything would make the data easier to understand. By Sunday, patterns had started to emerge that I wasn’t previously aware of.

If you want to try the same experiment, download a blank copy of this workbook template for free. After you click the link, you’ll find the download button in the top-right corner of your screen.

What my daily tracking actually looked like

Several apps, one disconnected routine

A frustrated woman holds her head and screams while surrounded by smartphones and multiple notification bell icons. Credit: Lucas Gouveia/How-To Geek | Prostock-studio/Shutterstock

On paper, my routine wasn’t complicated. But in practice, it meant jumping between apps throughout the day. Sleep, workouts, food, spending, and work all lived in different places, and while each one worked fine in isolation, none of them shared context. A bad night of sleep never showed up next to too much screen time, and I never explicitly linked a stretch of low-energy habits to a slow day at my desk.

That separation is what prompted me to try using Excel. I set up a single workbook with five named tabs: Sleep, Habits, Food & Drink, Work, and Spending, plus another Dashboard worksheet that brought all metrics together. Nothing complex—just a shared structure where everything could exist in the same format instead of being scattered across apps.

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Microsoft 365 includes access to Office apps like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint on up to five devices, 1 TB of OneDrive storage, and more.


The structure that made the experiment work

Building a system simple enough to survive a week

Each tab stayed intentionally lightweight so that I would actually keep using it.

Sleep went into a named table (T_Sleep), where I logged bedtime and wake time in hh:mm format. Hours slept were calculated automatically using:

=MOD([@[Wake Time]]-[@Bedtime], 1)*24


Illustration of puzzle pieces connected, showing a problem linked to the =MOD function in Excel, with a connection leading to the solution and Excel icons around.


How to Use Excel’s MOD Function to Solve Real-World Problems

MOD is more versatile than you might think.

Instead of overengineering the setup, I recorded screen time manually on a scale from 1 (low) to 3 (high) based on how much time I had spent on my phone before bed. Conditional formatting handled the feedback, with lower sleep values turning red and better nights shifting green.

Habit tracking lived in T_Habits, with one row per habit per day and a simple checkbox for completion. From there, I built T_HabitComp, which counted completed habits per day using:

=COUNTIFS(T_Habits[Day], [@Day], T_Habits[Completed], TRUE)

That fed directly into the dashboard, alongside a split between general habits and movement-focused ones like workouts and walks.

Food and drink sat in T_FoodDrink, structured as three entries per day for meals. Coffee was logged at the top of each day’s entry, and takeouts were flagged with checkboxes. It gave a rough sense of how each day played out, even if I wasn’t labeling it that way while logging it.

Work went into T_Work, where I logged hours worked and a productivity score (out of 10) based entirely on instinct. Some days felt focused, others felt scattered, and I reflected that directly in the score. Conditional formatting helped those differences stand out visually without needing extra analysis.

Spending lived in T_Spending, and I treated it differently from the rest. It was more of a separate contextual layer than part of the same routine loop. Data validation drop-down categories like groceries, takeout, coffee, impulse purchases, subscriptions, and transport helped me see where money was going, and I used a separate PivotTable to break down spending by category.

If you add new rows, remember to right-click the PivotTable and click Refresh to reflect those changes.

One small detail kept the whole system manageable: Excel tables automatically expand as new rows are added. That meant I never had to fix ranges or adjust formulas mid-week—structured references meant that everything scaled as I went.

The dashboard turned separate logs into one picture

Everything finally came together

A life-tracking dashboard in Excel, with summary cards at the top and trend charts beneath.

Once I started logging data, the dashboard quickly became the only part of the workbook I cared about.

At the top, I created summary cards: Average Sleep, Total Spending, Habit Completion, Average Productivity, Exercise Sessions, and Takeout Orders. Each one pulled directly from the underlying tables and updated automatically as I logged entries.

Below that, Excel charts showed how the week unfolded. Sleep appeared as a line over time; habits, coffee consumption, and screen time moved in columns; and work productivity sat alongside as its own timeline. Finally, I used a PivotChart to visualize spending over the week. Then, I removed the Y-axis from all the charts, as the point here was to emphasize relative movement and patterns, not exact values.


3D illustration of the Microsoft Excel logo in front of an empty spreadsheet.


I use these 3 Excel formulas to organize my daily life

I refuse to let anyone tell me that Microsoft Excel is only for accountants.

That’s where the system started to make sense. Sleep, habits, and productivity formed the clearest loop. When I stayed up late scrolling, I could see it the next morning in lower sleep totals, and those days tended to feel less structured overall. When I kept habits consistent—especially workouts and walks—the rest of the day followed a more stable rhythm.

Spending didn’t follow the same pattern as the rest, and I stopped trying to force it into one. Instead, I noticed something else: on less structured days, takeout and impulse purchases showed up more often. Coffee tended to cluster on busier, slightly chaotic workdays, but it didn’t drive anything on its own—it just appeared alongside those stretches.

Individually, none of this was surprising, but seeing it layered together is what made it noticeable.


What I’ll take away from a week in Excel

For that week, everything lived in one workbook instead of separate apps. When I wanted the full picture, glancing at the dashboard made the connections in my routine much easier to notice. It felt like a useful reset—something I’ll probably return to when things feel too scattered.

That said, it didn’t replace the convenience of dedicated apps. Sleep trackers are still better at collecting data automatically, and spending apps still do a better job of capturing transactions without effort. But the experiment did change how I think about tracking in general—not as separate tools, but as one system where everything sits in the same frame.



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