The Download: introducing the Nature issue


This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology.

Introducing: the Nature issue

When we talk about “nature,” we usually mean something untouched by humans. But little of that world exists today. 

From microplastics in rainforest wildlife to artificial light in the Arctic Ocean, human influence now reaches every corner of Earth. In this context, what even is nature? And should we employ technology to try to make the world more “natural”?  

In our new Nature issue, MIT Technology Review grapples with these questions. We investigate birds that can’t sing, wolves that aren’t wolves, and grass that isn’t grass. We look for the meaning of life under Arctic ice, within ourselves, and in the far future on a distant world, courtesy of new fiction by the renowned author Jeff VanderMeer. 

Together, these stories examine how technology has altered our planet—and how it might be used to repair it. Subscribe now to read the full print issue.

What’s next for large language models?

After ChatGPT launched in late 2022, the OpenAI chatbot became an everyday everything app for hundreds of millions of people. It led to LLMs being heralded as the new future. The entire tech industry was consumed by the inferno, with companies racing to spin up rival products.

But what’s the next big thing after LLMs? More LLMs—but better. Let’s call them LLMs+. Find out how they’re set to become cheaper, more efficient, and more powerful.

—Will Douglas Heaven

LLMs+ is on our list of the 10 Things That Matter in AI Right Now, MIT Technology Review’s guide to what’s really worth your attention in the busy, buzzy world of AI. We’ll be unpacking one item from the list each day here in The Download, so stay tuned.

Will fusion power get cheap? Don’t count on it.

Fusion power could provide a steady, zero-emissions source of electricity in the future—if companies can get plants built and running. But a new study published in Nature Energy suggests that even if that future arrives, it might not come cheap.

The research team aimed to improve predictions of fusion’s future price by estimating the technology’s experience rate—the percentage by which its cost declines every time capacity doubles. Their findings offer new clues on the technology’s path to deployment. Read the full story.

—Casey Crownhart

This story is from The Spark, our weekly climate newsletter. Sign up to receive it in your inbox every Wednesday.

The must-reads

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology.

1 Trump signaled he’s open to reversing the Anthropic ban
What that really means in practice remains to be seen. (Reuters $)
+ Anthropic says there’s no “kill switch” for its AI. (Axios)
+ “Humans in the loop” in AI warfare is an illusion. (MIT Technology Review)

2 SpaceX plans to manufacture its own GPUs
To support the company’s growing AI ambitions. (Reuters $)
+ Musk is shifting SpaceX’s focus from Mars to AI ahead of its IPO. (NYT $)
+ SpaceX and Tesla may be on a collision course. (FT $)

3 Chinese tech giant Tencent has unveiled its first flagship AI model
A former OpenAI researcher is at the helm. (SCMP)
+ Chinese open models are spreading fast. (MIT Technology Review)

4 High earners are racing ahead on AI, deepening workplace divides
The division in adoption risks widening inequality. (FT $)
+ Startups are bragging they spend more on AI than staff. (404 Media)

5 Thousands of Samsung workers are demanding a new share of AI profits
Chip-division employees want 15% of the operating profit. (Bloomberg $)
+ Here’s why opinion on AI is so divided. (MIT Technology Review)

6 AI is helping mediocre Korean hackers steal millions
They’re vibe coding their malware. (Wired $)
+ AI is making online crimes easier. (MIT Technology Review)

7 Kalshi suspended three political candidates for betting on their own races
Including a Democrat and a Republican running for Congress. (CNN)
+ And an independent candidate who said he did it to make a point. (Gizmodo)
+ Lawmakers argue that prediction markets are a loophole for gambling. (NPR)

8 A ping-pong robot is beating elite human players for the first time
The Sony AI system was trained with reinforcement learning. (New Scientist)
+ Just days earlier, a humanoid smashed the human half-marathon record. (AP)

9 Crypto scammers are luring ships into the Strait of Hormuz
By falsely promising safe passage. (Ars Technica)

10 ‘Age tech’ could help us grow old comfortably at home
Apps, wearables, and remote monitoring could fill caregiving gaps. (NYT $)

 

Quote of the day

“It’s a hallucinogenic business plan.”

—Ross Gerber, the chief executive of Gerber Kawasaki, an investment firm that owns SpaceX shares, tells the New York Times that he’s unimpressed by Musk’s changing goals for the aerospace company. 

One More Thing

Photos of victims are displayed under white crosses at a memorial for the August 2023 wildfire victims

AP PHOTO/LINDSEY WASSON


This grim but revolutionary DNA technology is changing how we respond to mass disasters

After hundreds went missing in Maui’s deadly fires, victims were identified with rapid DNA analysis—an increasingly vital tool for putting names to the dead in mass-casualty events.

The technology helped identify victims within just a few hours and bring families some closure more quickly than ever before. But it also previews a dark future marked by the rising frequency of catastrophic events.

Find out how this forensic breakthrough is preparing us for a more volatile world.


—Erika Hayasaki

We can still have nice things

A place for comfort, fun and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.)

+ This fascinating dive into botanical history reveals the origins of the first true plants.
+ Here’s how to use Google’s reference desk to find what ordinary search engines miss.
+ Watch duct tape get deconstructed to reveal the physics behind its legendary stickiness.
+ When Radiohead covers Joy Division, the result is a beautiful intersection of two legendary musical eras.



Source link

Leave a Reply

Subscribe to Our Newsletter

Get our latest articles delivered straight to your inbox. No spam, we promise.

Recent Reviews


Most of the time your NAS is sitting on the shelf, quietly storing whatever files you send to it. However, most NASes can do more than just back up your data, especially if they have free USB ports. These are some helpful ways you can get some extra use out of your NAS.

Use an external drive for real backups

Not all backups should live inside your NAS

It is tempting to look at your expensive NAS and think that it is all the backup solution you need. Unfortunately, it isn’t.

Proper mirroring, like you can get through RAID, can protect against a single disk failure, but it does nothing to protect you against accidental deletions, ransomware, file corruption or a catastrophic event, like a tumble off a shelf.

When all of your backups rely on a single system in one location, you’re setting yourself up for failure.

That is where your NAS’s USB port comes in. If you plug in an external drive into your NAS to create another backup, you get a true, isolated backup. Most NAS operating systems make this easy: just schedule jobs to copy important files over whenever the drive is connected.



















Quiz
8 Questions · Test Your Knowledge

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

From basement file servers to enterprise data vaults — test how much you really know about NAS technology.

HistoryHardwareUse CasesProtocolsSecurity

Which company is widely credited with introducing one of the first commercially successful NAS appliances in the early 1990s?

Correct! Auspex Systems released the NS3000 in 1989, widely regarded as one of the earliest dedicated NAS appliances. They pioneered the concept of a standalone file server accessible over a network, laying the groundwork for the modern NAS industry.

Not quite. The answer is Auspex Systems, which launched one of the first dedicated NAS appliances — the NS3000 — back in 1989. While companies like Synology and QNAP are household names today, Auspex was breaking new ground decades before them.

Which network file sharing protocol is primarily used by NAS devices to serve files to Windows-based clients?

Correct! SMB (Server Message Block) is the dominant protocol for file sharing with Windows clients. Originally developed by IBM and later popularized by Microsoft, SMB is what allows Windows machines to seamlessly browse and access NAS shares as if they were local drives.

Not quite. The answer is SMB (Server Message Block). NFS is the protocol of choice for Linux and Unix clients, iSCSI is used for block-level storage, and FTP is a general file transfer protocol not optimized for seamless file system integration.

What does the RAID level ‘5’ specifically require as a minimum number of drives to function?

Correct! RAID 5 requires a minimum of three drives. It stripes data and parity information across all drives, meaning it can tolerate the failure of one drive without any data loss — making it a popular choice for NAS users who want a balance of performance, capacity, and redundancy.

Not quite. RAID 5 requires a minimum of three drives. The parity data distributed across all drives allows one drive to fail without losing data. RAID 1 only needs two drives, while RAID 6 requires four — so options vary depending on your redundancy needs.

What is ‘media server’ functionality on a NAS most commonly used for in a home environment?

Correct! Media server functionality — often powered by software like Plex, Emby, or Jellyfin running on the NAS — allows you to stream your locally stored media collection to TVs, phones, tablets, and more. It essentially turns your NAS into a personal Netflix for your own content library.

Not quite. The core use of a NAS media server is streaming locally stored movies, music, and photos to other devices on your network. Software like Plex or Jellyfin handles the heavy lifting, including transcoding video on the fly for devices that need it.

What is the ‘3-2-1 backup rule’ that NAS users are often advised to follow?

Correct! The 3-2-1 rule means: keep 3 total copies of your data, store them on 2 different types of media (e.g., NAS and external drive), and keep 1 copy in an offsite or cloud location. This strategy protects against hardware failure, theft, fire, and other disasters that could wipe out local backups.

Not quite. The 3-2-1 rule stands for: 3 copies of your data, stored on 2 different media types, with 1 copy kept offsite. It’s a best-practice framework designed to ensure your data survives almost any disaster scenario, from a failed hard drive to a house fire.

Which protocol allows a NAS to present storage to a computer as if it were a locally attached block device, rather than a file share?

Correct! iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface) transmits SCSI commands over IP networks, allowing a NAS to present raw block storage to a host computer. The computer then formats and manages that storage like a local disk — making iSCSI ideal for virtual machines and databases that need low-level disk access.

Not quite. The answer is iSCSI. Unlike SMB or NFS, which share files over a network, iSCSI exposes raw block storage — the host computer sees a NAS volume as though it were a physically attached hard drive, which is critical for workloads like virtual machine datastores.

Which of the following best describes a ‘surveillance station’ use case for a NAS?

Correct! Many NAS brands — including Synology and QNAP — offer dedicated surveillance station software that turns the NAS into a Network Video Recorder (NVR). It can connect to multiple IP cameras, record footage continuously or on motion detection, and store months of video locally without a subscription fee.

Not quite. A surveillance station on a NAS refers to software that connects to IP security cameras, records video footage, and stores it locally. This makes a NAS a powerful and cost-effective alternative to cloud-based security systems, since you own and control all your recorded footage.

Synology, one of the most recognized NAS brands today, was founded in which year and country?

Correct! Synology was founded in Taiwan in 2000 and has grown into one of the most beloved NAS manufacturers in the world. Their DiskStation Manager (DSM) operating system is frequently praised for its polished interface and rich feature set, making Synology a top choice for both home users and businesses.

Not quite. Synology was founded in Taiwan in 2000. Taiwan has become a major hub for NAS hardware development, with competitors like QNAP also headquartered there. Synology’s DiskStation Manager software helped set the standard for what a user-friendly NAS experience could look like.

Challenge Complete

Your Score

/ 8

Thanks for playing!

And you don’t have to stop there. You can rotate multiple drives, one drive for daily or weekly backups and another stored somewhere safe. That gives you extra protection against malware, power surges, and bad luck. It’s not fancy, but it’s one of the most important things you can do with your NAS.

The SanDisk Extreme PRO Portable SSD with USB4 and its USB-C cable.


You are completely wasting your external drive—6 brilliant jobs it should be doing instead

Stop treating your external drive like a backup dumping ground

Connect your NAS to an uninterruptible power supply

A UPS can save you from data corruption

The APC BackUPS NS1350 UPS with an old battery sitting next to it. Credit: Patrick Campanale / How-To Geek

NAS devices are built for 24/7 operation, so they’ll eventually experience a power outage or a power surge. That can be a problem for your data.

If your NAS loses power suddenly, you’re at risk of file system corruption, incomplete writes, and in a worst case scenario, total data loss.

An uninterruptible power supply keeps your NAS powered on for a short while during an outage, and if you connect them via USB, they can even exchange data. That link lets the NAS detect that power has gone out, monitor power levels, and shut itself down cleanly before the battery dies.

Without that USB connection, the NAS will just crash when the UPS finally dies.

If you’re using your NAS as a major part of your backup strategy, a small UPS that can connect over USB is definitely worthwhile.

Get a new network adapter

2.5Gb Ethernet or Wi-Fi on demand

The Plugable USB-C/A to 2.5G Ethernet adapter sitting on a bamboo table. Credit: Patrick Campanale / How-To Geek

Older or lesser NAS devices often have 1 gigabit Ethernet ports, while your drives and network could do better. Your NAS’s USB port might enable you to upgrade without replacing the whole unit.

Many NAS devices will allow you to connect a USB-to-2.5 gigabit Ethernet adapter to use instead of the built-in port. If you have SSDs, you’ll definitely be able to make use of the faster speeds offered by 2.5 gigabit Ethernet, since 1 gigabit tops out at about 125 megabytes per second. Even SATA SSDs can reach speeds of about 500 megabytes per second, and NVME SSDs can get well into the gigabyte per second range.

If you’re exclusively using mechanical hard drives, the benefit isn’t quite as clear-cut. Whether you’d benefit depends on how fast your drives are and how you have them configured.

There’s also a niche but useful option: USB Wi-Fi adapters. They’re not meant to replace Ethernet permanently, but they can be handy for temporary setups, troubleshooting network issues, or emergency access when wired connectivity fails.

You’ll need to confirm that your NAS supports USB Ethernet dongles—most do, but there are some that don’t.

Turn it into a print server

Give your old printer a new lease on life

The Ethernet port on a Brother HL-L3295CDW color laser printer. Credit: Patrick Campanale / How-To Geek

USB-only printers are largely a thing of the past, since they were tied to one computer. Most modern printers connect to the Wi-Fi network instead, so they can be placed anywhere.

If your old USB printer is still going strong, you can use your NAS as a print server.

The setup is usually quite easy, but it’ll depend on your NAS.

Many have a setting that allows you to enable print sharing. In that case, all you need to do is plug the printer into the NAS, enable print sharing, and every device on your network can use it. Alternatively, you may need to install a specific app that allows you to use your NAS as a print server.

This is especially useful if you have a reliable older printer with no built-in networking, you don’t want to replace the hardware, and you only need occasional printing without extra hassle. It may not be the most exciting use of a NAS USB port, but it’s one of the most practical.


Your NAS may be even more customizable

Depending on your specific NAS, you may be able to do even more than this. Some of them allow you to run lightweight services for your home network, like a mini home lab, and some allow you to use a completely different operating system. If that is the case, there are a ton of ways to put your NAS to use.

TerraMaster F4 SSD NAS.

8/10

CPU

Intel N95

Memory

8GB DDR5

Drive Bays

4x M.2 NVMe

Ports

5Gb/s Ethernet, USB-A, USB-C, HDMI 2.b

The TerraMaster F4 SSD is an all-SSD NAS that supports up to four 8TB NVMe drives. Shipping with 8GB of DDR5 RAM and the Intel N95 processor, this NAS actually can be user-upgraded with up to 32GB of DDR5 RAM. The onboard 5Gb/s Ethernet port supports 2.5Gb/s and 1Gb/s networking too, plus there are USB 3 10Gb/s Type-A and Type-C ports on the back for plugging in other peripherals, like hard drives or SSDs.




Source link