Data storage and security are among the biggest challenges our technology-dependent world faces today, pushing us to explore unconventional options. The good news is that researchers worldwide are actively seeking novel solutions to address these problems.
One promising development comes from researchers at UNSW Sydney and Monash University, who have recently developed a system that conceals data transmissions in plain sight using a phenomenon called “negative luminescence.”
The result is a communication method that could be nearly impossible to hack, not because the message is encrypted, but because no one can even tell that a message is being sent.
The system works by blending signals into the natural heat radiation that everything around us constantly emits, the kind you see through a thermal camera. To any outside observer, it looks like nothing is happening at all, and only a receiver with the right equipment can detect and decode the hidden message.
What is negative luminescence?
Everything emits a faint glow of heat in the infrared spectrum. Negative luminescence makes that glow appear darker instead of brighter. Dr. Michael Nielsen, lead author from UNSW’s School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, describes it as “a flashlight that can go darker than off.” While that’s impossible with visible light, there are materials that can create this effect in the infrared range.
The team uses a device called a thermoradiative diode, which rapidly switches between brighter and darker-than-usual states. This creates a pattern hidden within background heat noise, making the transmission invisible to anyone unaware that data is being sent.
What could this mean for the real world?
In lab experiments, the team has achieved data transfer speeds of about 100 kilobytes per second. While this is modest for now, researchers believe the technology could eventually reach speeds of gigabytes per second as improvements are made to the emitter technology.
Colleagues at Monash University have already suggested that using graphene could push speeds to hundreds of gigabytes per second. If and when this happens, it will change the face of secure data transmission, making it almost impossible for hackers to get access to sensitive data.
Spotify aims to provide a consistent listening experience that uses minimal data. As a result, your audio quality might be less than ideal, especially if you’re using a pair of high-fidelity headphones or high-end speakers. Here’s how to fix that.
Switch audio streaming quality to Very High or Lossless
The default audio streaming quality in both the mobile and desktop Spotify apps is set to Automatic, which usually keeps the audio quality at Normal, which is only 96 Kbps. Even though Spotify uses the Ogg Vorbis codec, which is superior to MP3, OGG files exhibit slight (but noticeable) digital noise, poor bass detail, dull treble, and a narrow soundstage at 96 Kbps.
Even worse, Spotify is aggressive about adjusting the automatic bitrate. Even though 4G is more than fast enough to stream high-quality OGG files, even with a weak signal, Spotify may still drop the quality to Low, which has a bitrate of just 24 Kb/s. You will notice such a sharp drop in quality, even on a pair of bottom-of-the-barrel headphones.
To rectify this, open the Spotify app, tap your user image, open “Settings and privacy,” and tap the “Media Quality” menu. Once there, set Wi-Fi streaming quality and cellular streaming quality to “Very high” or “Lossless.”
I recommend setting cellular streaming quality to Very high and reserving Lossless for Wi-Fi, since lossless streaming is very data-intensive. One hour of streaming lossless files can take up to 1GB of data, as well as a good chunk of your phone’s storage, because Spotify caches files you’re frequently streaming. Besides, you’ll struggle to notice the difference unless you’re listening to music on a wired pair of high-end headphones or speakers; wireless connection just doesn’t have the bandwidth needed to convey the full fidelity of Spotify lossless audio.
You might opt for High quality if you have a capped data plan, but I recommend doing so only if you stream hours upon hours’ worth of music every single day over a cellular network. For instance, I burn through about 8 GB of data per month on average while streaming about two hours of very high-quality music over a cellular network each day.
Feeling the squeeze when listening to your favorite song?
Set audio download quality to Very high or Lossless
If you tend to download songs and albums for offline listening, you should also set the audio download quality to “Very high” or “Lossless.” This setting is located just under the audio streaming quality section.
If you’ve got enough free storage on your phone, opt for the latter, but if you’d rather save storage space, set it to Very high. You’ll hardly hear the difference, but lossless files are about five times larger than the 320 Kb/s OGG files Spotify offers at its Very high quality setting, and they can quickly fill up your phone’s storage.
Adjust video streaming quality at your discretion
The last section of the Media quality menu is Video streaming quality. This sets the quality of video podcasts and music videos available for certain songs. Since I care about neither, I set it to “Very high” on Wi-Fi and “Normal” on cellular, but you should tweak the two options at your discretion because songs sound notably better at higher video streaming quality levels.
If you often watch videos over cellular and have unlimited data, feel free to toggle video quality to very high.
Make sure Data Saver mode is disabled
Even if your audio quality is set to Very high or Lossless, Spotify will switch to low-quality streaming if the app’s Data saver mode is enabled. This option is located in the Data saving and offline menu. Open the menu, then set it to “Always off,” or choose “Automatic” to have Spotify’s Data Saver mode kick in alongside your phone’s Data Saver mode.
You can also enable volume normalization and play around with the built-in equalizer
Credit: Lucas Gouveia / How-To Geek
Last but not least, there are two additional features you can play with to improve your listening experience. The first is volume normalization, which sets the same loudness for every track you’re listening to. This can be handy because different albums are mastered at different loudness levels, with newer music usually being louder.
Since I’m an album-oriented listener, I keep the option disabled. I can just play an album and set the audio volume accordingly, and I don’t really mind louder songs when listening to playlists, artists, or song radios.
But if you can’t stand one song being quiet and the next rattling the windows, visit the Playback menu, enable “Volume normalization,” and set it to “Quiet” or “Normal.” The “Loud” option can digitally compress files, and neither Spotify nor I recommend using it. This also happens with “Quiet” and “Normal,” since both adjust the decibel level of the master recording for each song, but the compression level is much lower and extremely hard to notice.
Before I end this, I should also mention that you can access the equalizer directly from the Spotify app, where you can fine-tune your music listening experience or pick one of the available equalizer presets. If your phone has a built-in equalizer, Spotify will open it; if it doesn’t, you can use Spotify’s. On my phone (a Samsung Galaxy S21 FE), I can only use One UI’s built-in equalizer.
To open the equalizer, open “Playback,” then hit the “Equalizer” button. Now you can equalize your audio to your heart’s content.
Adjusting just a few settings can have a drastic impact on your Spotify listening experience. If you aren’t satisfied with Spotify’s sound quality, make sure to adjust the audio before jumping ship. You should also check the sound quality settings from time to time, as Spotify can reset them during app updates.
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