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Your TV’s RS-232 port is a powerful automation tool – how to unlock it (and what it can do)


Sony Bravia 8 II TV

Adam Breeden/ZDNET

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With the exception of USB and HDMI inputs, you’ve probably never given much thought to the ports and connections your TV offers, especially once your home theater system is set up. But the RS-232 serial port can be a valuable tool for more advanced tech users looking to create a truly custom home theater or who want total control over their smart devices. 

Also: I changed 13 settings on my TV to dramatically improve its performance – here’s how

With some patience and more than a little know-how, you can create a fully automated home entertainment system with timed content, simultaneous broadcasts to multiple rooms, and even diagnostic testing.  

What is an RS-232 serial port, and what does it do?

Take a peek at the back of your TV, and you may see — among the familiar HDMI and USB connections — an odd 9-pin port that doesn’t match any cable you have in the house (and may look familiar if you used a printer back in the 1990s). This is your TV’s RS-232 serial port, normally reserved for connecting professional calibration and diagnostic tools. 

Technicians at the factory or in a repair shop have special testing devices that plug into the RS-232 port to test signal transmission strength, debug software, and check for electrical damage. 

rs-232gettyimages-1457455797

ChiccoDodiFC / iStock / Getty Images Plus via Getty Images

The RS-232 port can also be used in both smart home and commercial settings by enabling you to connect multiple TVs to a single source for custom broadcasts. Whenever you go to a doctor’s office or an airport where multiple screens show the same reels of advertisements and safety announcements, you’re seeing the RS-232 connection at work. 

Also: The best TVs to buy: Expert tested and recommended

While this port is generally reserved for business use, if you have the money and desire, you can use the RS-232 connection to set up a custom multi-room broadcast system; you can watch the same content in multiple rooms throughout your house in perfect sync, or create custom, curated playlists for your home-based business, kids’ playroom, or your next house party.

Which TVs have an RS-232 port?

While many brands include an RS-232 port in smart TV builds, it’s usually reserved for the higher-end models. Commercial-grade TVs will also include a connection, as they are specifically designed for use in RS-232 broadcast systems. Some midrange models from more established brands like LG may feature an RS-232 connection, but it’s rare to see one on a budget model. 

Using the RS-232 port at home

Using the RS-232 on your TV isn’t for the faint of heart or technology-averse. But if you know how to code, setting up an automated video feed is fairly straightforward. You’ll need either an RS-232 cable or RS-232-to-Bluetooth adapter and a computer. 

Once you’ve got your TV connected to your PC or laptop, you can create code protocols for precision timing, to specify the content to include, and to specify where to broadcast your content. 

Another device you’ll need will be a Serial Port/HDMI matrix. This acts as the central hub for your system, connecting your PC, main TV, and satellite screens to a single switch box for an all-in-one control solution. Matrix receivers offer a range of connectivity options, with some supporting up to 32 separate HDMI inputs and outputs for setting up commercial systems. 

However, for home use, an 8×8 HDMI matrix will be more than enough to handle a casual system. Many HDMI matrix boxes also have Ethernet and Wi-Fi connectivity, so you can stream web content from apps like Netflix and HBO Max, as well as YouTube and Twitch. You can also find models that support Dolby and DTS audio passthroughs for custom sound systems to augment your TV speakers or play separate audio. 

Finding the right programming language

Since each system is unique, you’ll need to check which programming language your devices use to communicate with one another and process audio and visual signals. These programs are often proprietary and require a fair bit of knowledge to properly modify for your particular setup. 

If you need a jumping-off point, you can find step-by-step coding guides for controlling specific brands and device systems on GitHub; coding languages range from HTML and C# to Python and Java (and everything in between), so you shouldn’t have trouble finding a control module that works for you.

Also: Your TV may be tracking your viewing data – here’s how to stop it (beyond disabling ACR)

If you’re looking to monitor your smart TV’s health via the RS-232 port, you can purchase a signal tester for around $20. Many are compatible with Windows, MacOS, and Linux, allowing you to seamlessly integrate your smart TV into your PC setup, no matter which operating system you use. 

An RS-232 tester will check for dead or damaged connector pins, signal strength, and communication between your TV and PC; if any issues arise, you’ll get detailed feedback on the problem for fast troubleshooting and solutions.  

Bottom line

If you are into Home Assistant, Crestron, or Roomie Remote, the RS-232 port is a goldmine. It is significantly more reliable than IR blasters (which can be blocked) or CEC (which is notoriously buggy). Just understand that setting up the RS-232 port to handle your automations or other personalized tasks will take time and learning. 





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Your single router is why Wi-Fi dies in your bedroom—why a mesh network is the only real fix


The first time I encountered mesh Wi-Fi was when I went to university. One Wi-Fi password, but no matter where you roamed on campus you’ll stay connected. I’ve always thought of mesh networks as enterprise technology that you need an IT department to handle, but then router makers figured out how to make mesh easy enough for mere mortals.

Now I consider a mesh network the default for everyone, and if you’re still using a single non-mesh router you might want to know why. So let me explain.



















Quiz
8 Questions · Test Your Knowledge

Home Networking & Wi-Fi

Think you know your routers from your repeaters — put your home networking know-how to the ultimate test.

Wi-FiRoutersSecurityHardwareProtocols

What does the ‘5 GHz’ band in Wi-Fi offer compared to the ‘2.4 GHz’ band?

That’s right! The 5 GHz band delivers faster data rates but loses signal strength more quickly over distance and through walls. It’s ideal for devices close to the router that need maximum throughput, like streaming 4K video.

Not quite — the 5 GHz band actually offers faster speeds at the cost of range. The 2.4 GHz band travels farther and penetrates obstacles better, which is why smart home devices and older gadgets often prefer it.

Which Wi-Fi standard, introduced in 2021, is also known as Wi-Fi 6E and extends into a new frequency band?

Correct! 802.11ax is the technical name for Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E. The ‘E’ variant extends the standard into the 6 GHz band, offering a massive swath of new, less-congested spectrum for faster and more reliable connections.

The answer is 802.11ax — that’s Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E. Wi-Fi 6E adds support for the 6 GHz band, giving it far less congestion than the crowded 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. 802.11be is actually the upcoming Wi-Fi 7 standard.

What is the default IP address most commonly used to access a home router’s admin interface?

Spot on! The vast majority of consumer routers use either 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 as the default gateway address. Typing either into your browser’s address bar will bring up the router’s login page — just make sure you’ve changed the default password!

The correct answer is 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1. These are the most common default gateway addresses for home routers. The 255.x.x.x addresses are subnet masks, and 127.0.0.1 is your own machine’s loopback address, not a router.

Which Wi-Fi security protocol is considered most secure for home networks as of 2024?

Excellent! WPA3 is the latest and most robust Wi-Fi security protocol, introduced in 2018. It uses Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) to replace the older Pre-Shared Key handshake, making it far more resistant to brute-force attacks.

The answer is WPA3. WEP is completely broken and should never be used, WPA is outdated, and WPA2 with TKIP has known vulnerabilities. WPA3 offers the strongest protection, and if your router supports it, you should enable it right away.

What is the primary difference between a mesh Wi-Fi system and a traditional Wi-Fi range extender?

Exactly right! Mesh systems use multiple nodes that talk to each other intelligently, handing off your device seamlessly as you move around your home under one SSID. Traditional range extenders typically broadcast a separate network and can cut bandwidth in half as they relay the signal.

The correct answer is that mesh nodes form one intelligent, seamless network. Range extenders are actually the ones that often create separate SSIDs (like ‘MyNetwork_EXT’) and can significantly reduce speeds. Mesh systems are far superior for large homes with many devices.

What does DHCP stand for, and what is its main function on a home network?

Perfect! DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is the unsung hero of home networking. Every time a device joins your network, your router’s DHCP server automatically hands it a unique IP address, subnet mask, and gateway info so it can communicate without manual configuration.

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, and its job is to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on your network. Without it, you’d have to manually configure a unique IP address on every single phone, laptop, and smart device — a tedious nightmare!

What is ‘QoS’ (Quality of Service) used for in a home router?

That’s correct! QoS lets you tell your router which traffic gets priority. For example, you can prioritize video calls or gaming over a family member’s file download, ensuring your Zoom meeting doesn’t freeze just because someone is downloading a large update.

QoS — Quality of Service — is actually about traffic prioritization. By tagging certain data types (like VoIP calls or gaming packets) as high priority, your router ensures latency-sensitive applications get bandwidth first, even when the network is congested.

What does the ‘WAN’ port on a home router connect to?

Correct! WAN stands for Wide Area Network, and the WAN port is where your router connects to the outside world — typically to your cable modem, DSL modem, or ISP gateway. The LAN ports on the other side connect to devices inside your home network.

The WAN (Wide Area Network) port connects your router to your ISP’s modem or gateway — essentially your entry point to the internet. The LAN (Local Area Network) ports are for connecting devices inside your home. Mixing them up can cause your network to not function at all!

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Mesh Wi-Fi solves a problem most homes already have

The internet is no longer confined to one spot in your home

In the early days of home internet, there was no real reason to have Wi-Fi coverage all over your home. You installed the router in your home office, or near the living room, and that was enough. People didn’t have smartphones, tablets, or smart home devices that all needed access to the LAN.

As Wi-Fi devices proliferated, that central router became a problem. There’s only so much power you can push into the antennas, and the inverse square law drains that signal of power in very short order.

It was a problem that had many suboptimal solutions. Wi-Fi repeaters destroy performance, access points need long Ethernet runs, and Powerline Ethernet only works well in ideal conditions. Most older homes can’t provide that with their aging wiring. In short, trying to expand a central router’s reach has usually involved some janky mishmash of solutions.

A modern mesh router kit just solved that problem without any fuss. The biggest problem you’ll have is how to position them. Everything else is usually just handled automatically.

Brand

eero

Range

1,500 sq. ft.

Mesh Network Compatible

Yes

The eero 6 mesh Wi-Fi router allows you to upgrade your home network without breaking the bank. Compatible with the wider eero ecosystem, you’ll find that this node can either start or expand your wireless network with ease.


Mesh systems prioritize consistency over peak speed

Good enough internet everywhere

Top view of the contents of the Netgear Nighthawk MK93S mesh system. Credit: Jordan Gloor / How-To Geek

I think it’s important to point out that with Wi-Fi it’s much more important to get consistent and reliable performance wherever you are in your home than to hit crazy peak speeds. Sure, if you buy an expensive router, you can blast data when you’ve got line of sight and are a few feet away, but then you might as well just connect to it with an Ethernet cable.

For the price of one very fast centralized router, you can buy an entry-level mesh router kit and have fast enough internet everywhere, and never have to think about it again. I’m still running a Wi-Fi 5 mesh system in my two-storey rental home and I get 200+ Mbps minimum anywhere. If I need more speed than that on a single device, it’s going on Ethernet.

As prices come down on Wi-Fi 6 and 7 mesh systems, we’ll all eventually get access to that gigabit or better wireless tier, but I’d rather have a few hundred Mbps everywhere rather than a few Gbps in just one place and zero internet elsewhere.

Setup and management are finally user-friendly

Your dog could do it if it had thumbs

TP-Link Deco Mesh Wi-Fi Puck sitting on a desk beside two stacked books Credit: TP-Link

It’s hard to overstate just how easy modern mesh routers are to set up. After you’ve got the first unit up, usually by using a mobile app, adding more is generally just a matter of turning them on close to any previously activated router and waiting a few seconds.

As for the actual management of the network, on my TP-Link system you can see the topology of your network, how the pods are doing in terms of bandwidth, and you can automatically optimize for network interference and signal strength. The days of cryptic and largely manual router configuration are over. Even port forwarding, which has always tripped me up on old routers, now just works with a few taps on my phone screen.

The price argument doesn’t hold up anymore

There’s something for every budget

The biggest reason I think people have avoided mesh systems is cost. That’s perfectly fair, because mesh systems are more expensive than a single router. The thing is, prices have come down significantly, especially for mesh on older Wi-Fi standards.

But, even if you want newer Wi-Fi like 6E or 7, you don’t have to start your mesh journey with a full kit. You can buy a single mesh router, use that as your primary, and then add more as you can afford it. Even better, if you’ve bought a new router recently, there’s a chance it already supports mesh technology. It doesn’t even have to be that recent, since some older routers have gained mesh capability thanks to firmware updates.

If you already have a router that’s mesh-capable, then extending your home network any other way would be silly. Also, keep in mind that all the routers in your mesh network don’t have to be identical. That’s a common misconception, but the only thing they need to have in common is support for the same mesh technology. Just keep in mind that your performance will only be as good as the slowest device in the chain.

Mesh is for everyone

The bottom line is that mesh network technology is now cheap enough, mature enough, and easy enough that I honestly think everyone should have a good reason not to use it rather than looking for reason to use it. Wi-Fi should be like water or electricity. You want everyone in your home to have easy access to it no matter where they are. Mesh will do that for you.

The Unifi Dream Router 7.

9/10

Brand

Unifi

Range

1,750 square feet

The Unifi Dream Router 7 is a full-fledged network appliance offering NVR capabilities, fully managed switching,a built-in firewall, VLANs, and more. With four 2.5G Ethernet ports (one with PoE+) and a 10G SFP+ port, the Unifi Dream Router 7 also features dual WAN capabilities should you have two ISP connections. It includes a 64GB microSD card for IP camera storage, but can be upgraded for more storage if needed. With Wi-Fi 7, you’ll be able to reach up to a theoretical 5.7 Gbps network speed when using the 10G SFP+ port, or 2.5 Gbps when using Ethernet. 




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