Treat your AI agents like eager but misguided human interns – before you lose control


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ZDNET’s key takeaways

  • Find a balance between AI agent restraint and independence.
  • Context and intent must be woven into agent development.
  • Consider configurations and the data that agents access.

AI agents are evolving from simple chatbots to full-fledged digital workers authorized to take action on applications and data. And with those capabilities come a raft of security and governance concerns

Treat your AI agents as eager but misguided interns, requiring the same oversight and guidance as human interns, suggested experts in a panel held at the recent Snowflake Summit in San Francisco. AI agents require specific instructions and careful monitoring by human managers. 

Also: How to build better AI agents for your business – without creating trust issues

An agent without restraints can be extremely problematic, the panelists, representing AI security providers, agreed. “You may tell the agent to buy you shoes, and before you know it, it has bought you a car,” said Mayank Agarwal, founder and CTO of Resolve AI. 

Restraint, context, and intent 

“You have to think very hard about what permissions you’re giving the agent. You can’t just expect an agent to stay on the straight and narrow. You have to put these ironclad constraints around it to limit what it’s able to do.”  

Along with restraint, context and intent are the key watchwords for spinning up and managing agents. “It’s not just enough to know what this agent was created to do. You also have to know things like whose authority it is acting under and what it’s going to do, for example, with data it’s accessing,” said Nancy Wang, chief technology officer for 1Password.

Also: What you’ll pay for AI agents will be wildly variable and unpredictable

Professionals should throw out the old software development rulebook, as building and deploying agents today is very different from software practices of the recent past, Agarwal pointed out. 

“If you go back just two years, an engineer knew exactly how they were going to connect APIs across different systems,” he said. “The whole thing was very predictable: A is going to call API B, B is going to do this with that data, and call C, and do this with that data. In the agentic world, it’s completely unpredictable. The agent wires the stuff on the fly. Give it a goal, solve this problem, and it goes out and tries all the paths that it has access to.”

This approach can lead to new types of issues for which professionals and managers are not prepared. The agent is “talking to tools which are capable of doing things on your behalf, so you don’t know if these tools are exfiltrating data,” Agarwal said. “The agent may read from a tool and use another tool to write it to someplace it shouldn’t be.”

The specter of shadow AI 

This concern raises the specter of shadow AI, operating out of view. “We had a client that had 12 OpenClaw instances within their framework, with access to API feeds, source code, and a contractor using Telegram to communicate,” said Jason Merrick, senior vice president of product at Tenable. “What could go wrong, right?”

Also: AI agents of chaos? New research shows how bots talking to bots can go sideways fast

As a result of these issues, understanding what agents do behind the scenes can be a challenge. Questions will arise, such as “Who actually took an action against this system? Is it a human? Is it a service account? Or is it an agent?” Wang said. “Your team probably doesn’t know, or there’s not 100% certainty to that answer. Because today, agents look like humans, but they also could look like a service account, because they have all your permissions.”

Therefore, a balance needs to be struck between governance and access, as AI is a powerful tool for productivity and innovation that must be able to act independently. “You don’t want to just block everything or firewall everything,” Wang advised.

That need for balance also explains why deep human oversight is essential. “Look at the user pieces the employees are creating — through Copilot, Claude Chat, or Gemini,” Merrick advised. “Look at their configurations. Is AI misconfigured? What type of data is it accessing? And be able to take action on that. Also, look at the prompts themselves. What are the prompts communicating with?”  

Bottom line: Specific instructions

This area is where guardrails and traditional identity best practices are crucial, Wang said. The greatest risk will come “from an agent that’s over-permissioned with longstanding credentials.”

Also: Can a newbie really vibe code an app? I tried Cursor and Replit to find out 

The challenge is designing security and governance around what are “non-deterministic beings,” Wang continued. “It’s a matter of allowing them to be creative, but also to apply essentially traditional instruction sets in the form of SDKs. You want predictable controls, but also, you don’t want to constrain them so much that it no longer gets you productivity gains.” 

The bottom line for professionals to heed is that agents, like interns, need “very, very specific instructions,” Wang said. “Sometimes they still veer off the desired path. Whether you think about governing agents or whether you think about full agent traces comes back to full visibility, remediation, and making sure that you set the right intent from the get-go — and that intent must persist across every step, every action that the agent takes.”





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Recent Reviews


Robot mowers on a yard

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The perfect robot mower for you is not nearly as fancy and feature-heavy as you may think. I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again: it’s not the lawn mower, it’s all about the yard. A robot mower may be a market leader with top-of-the-line specs and still not be a good fit for your yard.

Here’s the great news: There’s a perfect robot mower for almost any yard. As someone who’s tested numerous types of robot lawn mowers, I’ve learned that many of the specs that brands market as groundbreaking are simply not vital for most shoppers. A mostly flat, fenced-in 0.10-acre yard doesn’t need the power that a hilly, sectioned, unfenced one-acre yard does.

Also: I tested the Ferrari of robot mowers for a month – here’s my verdict

If you’re looking to choose the best mower for your home, be sure to check out ZDNET’s robot mower buying guide

Here’s what you don’t need to stress over when buying a robot mower

Eufy E15 Robot Mower

Maria Diaz/ZDNET
For yards with… Best robot mower type Examples
No fences A wired boundary is best, but a great GPS/RTK robot mower can stick to the map you make with it. Yardcare E400, Mammotion Luba 3
Fences A LiDAR robot mower that can be dropped to mow with little setup and learn its map as it navigates. Eufy E15, Ecovacs Goat A3000
A lot of trees A LiDAR or wired boundary mower, since trees can interfere with satellite signals. Husqvarna iQ series (optional wire, EPOS)
Unbordered garden beds A GPS/RTK robot mower that you can set up to avoid flower beds when mapping. Mammotion Luba 3, Husqvarna iQ Series
Bordered garden beds A LiDAR, GPS, or wired boundary robot mower works for these yards. If you choose a wired boundary, you may have to bury wire around the flower beds, unless the borders are tall enough for the mower to avoid. Mammotion Yuka, Navimow Series H
pets A LiDAR robot mower that can adjust its navigation in real-time in reaction to its surroundings. Mova LiDAX Ultra 2000, Segway Navimow i2
Hills and uneven terrain An AWD robot mower capable of handling steep slopes, regardless of the navigation type. Mammotion Luba 3, , Husqvarna iQ

1. Don’t focus on: ‘AI-powered’ or other marketing buzzwords

Segway Navimow X3 Series robot mower

Maria Diaz/ZDNET

Artificial intelligence (AI) has surpassed the popularity of acid-wash jeans in the 80s and Baby G watches in the early 2000s. And tech companies — including robot lawn mower manufacturers — are capitalizing on its appeal.

Most of these “AI-powered” or “intelligent mowing” terms are vague, geared to grab shoppers’ attention with buzzwords. That doesn’t mean that the robots don’t use AI to navigate, however. 

The key is to find out how the robot uses AI to its benefit, and whether that will meet your AI expectations. 

Also: This robot mower took care of my lawn for months – and it’s currently $300 off

AI algorithms typically process data captured by the robot’s hardware to help it make quick decisions and adjustments. For example, a robot lawn mower may have a set of sensors and cameras to capture its surroundings. The robot’s processor then uses AI to convert that information into actionable data, so it knows whether to swerve to avoid an obstacle or slow down around a retaining wall.

Instead, look for: The navigation tech under (and on) the hood

Instead of AI and other buzzwords, you should focus on matching the robot lawn mower’s hardware and navigation system to your yard. This includes whether the robot uses RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) for positioning, and whether it features LiDAR, cameras, and sensors. 

Then look at real user reviews to assess how accurately the robot mower maps and how well it performs around various types of obstacles.

There’s no blanket rule for robot mowers, but most do well with the following guidelines.

2. Don’t focus on: Premium extras

Yardcare E400 robot lawn mower

Maria Diaz/ZDNET

Skip the premium extras that don’t match your yard. You really don’t need the most advanced robot mower; you need the one that will best handle your lawn. 

Most US homeowners have mostly flat lawns, simple rectangular layouts, minimal obstacles, and small yards. Yet some of the most popular mowers advertise features that don’t match this, and you don’t want to spend an extra few hundred dollars on advanced features that won’t deliver a noticeable difference in your yard.

Instead, look for: Only as much as you need

Do you have a mostly flat lawn with no fences and need a robot that can navigate to several sections separated by paths? Then you can skip AWD models and commit to superior mapping and navigation features, like multi-zone intelligence.

Also: I let a modular yard care robot mow my lawn – here’s my verdict after a month

Similarly, if you have a yard with dense trees covering most of it, it’s safe to skip the RTK models and go for LiDAR or boundary wire options instead. 

3. Don’t focus on: Flashy app features

Mammotion Luba 2 robot mower path

The path lines created by the Mammotion Luba 2, as captured by our Bink Outdoor camera, is one flashy app feature I can’t quit.

Maria Diaz/ZDNET

Any dependable robot lawn mower requires an equally reliable mobile app to let you use it effectively. However, manufacturers market many flashy app features that end up being unnecessary for many users. 

Don’t make app features the deciding factor unless it’s something you genuinely care about. Many users don’t rely on voice control to run their mowers and don’t mind using a separate app for their robot rather than integrating it into an existing home automation system.

Also: I let a smart planter maintain itself for 2 months – here’s the result

A robot lawn mower with mediocre navigation and cutting performance can still have a flashy app — all while leaving behind missed patches or taking longer to finish mowing.

Instead, look for: The features you’ll actually use

Most robot mower users keep them running on a schedule to get the lawn-cutting chore off their minds. The majority of the most popular models offer basic features beyond scheduling, such as remote start and stop, basic mapping, automatic rain delay, and theft protection. 

It’s easy to find robot lawn mowers with these features, but if you’re looking for anything beyond that, just be sure that the feature is worth it, especially if you’re paying extra for that model.

Also: I’ve tested robot mowers for years – here’s my expert advice for every yard type

An example of a flashy app feature that is completely unnecessary, but I love having? The Mammotion’s pattern cutting. I can select the cutting pattern I want on the Mammotion app, whether I want lines or checkered, but I can also have the robot cut in custom patterns, like letters and numbers. I don’t care for mowed letters in my yard, but I like that it always has that freshly mowed checkered patterned with no effort from me. 

4. Don’t focus on: Cutting system extras

Segway Navimow X3 Series robot mower

Maria Diaz/ZDNET

The cutting width and system specs are important, as they can determine whether a robot can cover a given area in a day. However, most robot mowers use similar multiple-blade mulching systems. 

Unlike traditional lawn mowers with large blades for aggressive cutting in a single pass, robot mowers typically feature a set of small blades that constantly spin. Because of this, robot mowers trim smaller amounts of grass with each pass than a traditional mower, but they also cut more frequently and leave behind smaller grass clippings that decompose naturally.

Also: I powered my 3,000-sq-ft home with an EcoFlow battery in a blackout – here’s how it kept my AC on

Because the robot mowers have a smaller, compounding cutting system, the real-world differences between the cutting systems from one brand to another are often smaller than you’d expect. Other issues, like poor navigation, will be glaringly obvious before small differences in blade design.

Instead, look for: Cutting width and yard size

The average US yard would benefit more from navigation quality, consistency, and connectivity than blade design. Instead, you should focus on matching the mower to your yard size.

The robot’s capacity is measured in how many acres it can cover in a day. Among other features, this is calculated based on your robot’s battery size and cutting width. Essentially, most users want a robot that can mow an entire yard in a day, so you can set it and forget it and always come home to a mowed yard. You get this by getting the appropriate robot for your yard size.





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